# Layout and breaks

Line breaks, alignment shoves, raises, and rules.

https://texform.dev/latex/topics/layout

This topic has 24 commands from the base, textmacros, and ams packages. Commands show whether MathJax, KaTeX, and XeTeX render them. Entries are ordered by how often they appear in corpus formulas.

Packages: base (22), textmacros (7), ams (2).

| Name | Kind | Definition | Packages | MathJax | KaTeX | XeTeX | Frequency |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [\\cr](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/cr) | command | Used to terminate rows in primitive TeX alignment structures, sometimes seen in legacy matrix environments. | base | full | full | none | 0.18% |
| [\\hline](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/hline) | command | Used inside math array or matrix-style alignments to draw a solid horizontal rule at the top of the array or between rows. | base | full | full | full | 0.10% |
| [\\smash](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/smash) | command | Used to suppress an expression’s height and/or depth so it does not affect surrounding layout, such as line spacing or delimiter sizing. | base, textmacros | full | full | full | 0.02% |
| [\\allowbreak](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/allowbreak) | command | Used to explicitly permit a line break at a specific point in inline math expressions. | base | full | full | full | 0.01% |
| [\\rlap](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/rlap) | command | Used to place material flush-right in zero width so it overlaps neighboring math without contributing horizontal width, typically for manual annotations or adjusted symbol placement. | base, textmacros | full | full | full | <0.01% |
| [\\newline](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/newline) | command | Forcing a line break in displayed math or matrix/array-like material as a named alternative to a bare \\. | base | full | full | full | <0.01% |
| [\\goodbreak](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/goodbreak) | command | Used to encourage a permissible line break at the current point in a math expression, typically around operators in long displayed formulas. | base | full | none | none | <0.01% |
| [\\nobreak](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/nobreak) | command | Used to suppress a line break at the current point in a math expression, often between tightly bound terms or operators. | base | full | full | full | <0.01% |
| [\\shoveleft](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/shoveleft) | command | Used at the start of a line in an AMS multline display to force that line to be left-aligned instead of the default multline placement. | ams | full | none | none | <0.01% |
| [\\shoveright](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/shoveright) | command | Used at the start of a line in an AMS multline display to force that line to be right-aligned instead of the default multline placement. | ams | full | none | none | <0.01% |
| [\\llap](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/llap) | command | Used to place material flush-left in zero width so it overlaps neighboring math without contributing horizontal width, typically for manual annotations or adjusted symbol placement. | base, textmacros | full | full | full | <0.01% |
| [\\break](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/break) | command | Forces a line break. | base | full | none | full | <0.01% |
| [\\lower](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/lower) | command | Adjusting the vertical baseline of an inline formula or text segment. | base | full | none | none | 0% |
| [\\raise](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/raise) | command | Adjusting the vertical baseline of an inline formula or text segment. | base | full | none | none | 0% |
| [\\badbreak](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/badbreak) | command | Used to discourage a line break at the current point in a math expression without completely forbidding it. | base | full | none | none | — |
| [\\breakAlign](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/breakAlign) | command | Configuring the alignment of broken lines within an array or eqnarray in MathJax. | base | full | none | none | — |
| [\\hdashline](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/hdashline) | command | Used inside math array or matrix-style alignments to draw a dashed horizontal rule at the top of the array or between rows. | base | full | full | none | — |
| [\\mmlToken](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/mmlToken) | command | Advanced MathJax-specific construction of raw MathML token elements, typically inside macro substitutions or specialized extensions that need to emit a particular token node with optional attributes. | base, textmacros | full | none | none | — |
| [\\moveleft](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/moveleft) | command | Low-level TeX box-positioning syntax for shifting the next math item or box horizontally by a specified dimension. | base | full | none | none | — |
| [\\moveright](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/moveright) | command | Low-level TeX box-positioning syntax for shifting the next math item or box horizontally by a specified dimension. | base | full | none | none | — |
| [\\newcolumntype](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/newcolumntype) | command | Used to define reusable array/tabular column specifiers, including parameterized column types for custom preambles. | base | full | none | none | — |
| [\\rule](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/rule) | command | Used to insert a solid rectangular rule with a specified width and height, optionally shifted vertically via an optional bracket argument. | base, textmacros | full | partial | partial | — |
| [\\Rule](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/Rule) | command | Used to insert a solid rectangular rule with explicit width, height, and depth in mathematical material. | base, textmacros | full | none | none | — |
| [\\Space](https://texform.dev/latex/commands/Space) | command | Used to insert an explicit blank box/space with specified width, height, and depth in math mode. | base, textmacros | full | none | none | — |