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LaTeX Math ReferenceEnvironments

Environments

Browse LaTeX environments by topic, name, package, and renderer support.

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Matrices#

Matrix environments and matrix-building commands.

NameDefinitionPackagesMathJaxKaTeXXeTeXFrequency
arrayUsed for custom mathematical arrays, matrices, and piecewise-style layouts where the author supplies an explicit column preamble.base3.24%
pmatrixUsed for parenthesized matrices in linear algebra and systems of equationsams0.86%
bmatrixUsed for bracketed matrices in linear algebra and array notationams0.51%
matrixUsed for ordinary matrices without surrounding delimiters inside equations and derivationsams0.21%
smallmatrixUsed for compact inline matrices, often inside delimiters or larger formulasams, physics0.05%
vmatrixUsed for determinant-style or absolute-value-style vertical-bar matricesams0.02%
subarrayCreates a multi-line array of subscripts or limits, typically placed under operators like sum or prodams0.02%
BmatrixUsed for matrices enclosed in curly braces, usually in specialized notational contextsams<0.01%
VmatrixUsed for double-vertical-bar matrices, often for norms or specialized determinant-like notationams<0.01%
darrayUsed for array-style mathematical tables when displaystyle entries are desired throughout the cells, such as for larger fractions or operators inside an array.base—

Alignment#

Multi-line equation, alignment, and cases environments.

NameDefinitionPackagesMathJaxKaTeXXeTeXFrequency
equationUsed for a numbered displayed equation that should participate in equation tagging.base37.20%
alignDisplayed multi-line derivations and systems with alignment points, usually at relation signs.ams10.14%
eqnarrayLegacy multi-line displayed equations with column alignment via & and row breaks via \\, typically with equation numbering on rows.base7.31%
align*Displayed multi-line derivations and systems with alignment points, but without automatic equation numbers.ams6.82%
equation*Used for a single displayed equation without an equation number in AMS math documents.ams5.60%
splitSplitting a single displayed equation across aligned lines, often inside a larger equation-like display.ams2.31%
eqnarray*Legacy unnumbered multi-line equation arrays kept mainly for compatibility with older documents.ams1.93%
alignedUsed for inner aligned systems of equations or derivation steps inside another displayed formula, with an optional vertical-position argument.ams1.79%
casesUsed for piecewise-defined expressions with a left brace and two aligned columnsams1.42%
multlineUsed for long equations that span multiple lines, typically with the first line left-justified, the last line right-justified, and middle lines centered.ams0.44%
gatherDisplayed groups of equations on separate centered lines without shared alignment points.ams0.43%
gather*Displayed groups of equations on separate centered lines without shared alignment points and without automatic numbering.ams0.37%
multline*Used for long equations that span multiple lines without assigning an equation number.ams0.28%
gatheredUsed for grouped multi-line formulas centered as a single inner block inside another displayed equation, with an optional vertical-position argument.ams0.10%
flalignUsed for full-length aligned equations where the equations are spread out across the width of the page, allowing left alignment.ams0.09%
alignatUsed for multi-line displayed equations with a fixed number of right/left aligned column pairs and no automatic intercolumn spacing.ams0.06%
alignat*Used for the unnumbered form of alignat when fixed aligned column pairs are needed without equation numbers.ams0.04%
flalign*Used for full-length aligned equations without equation numbers, where the equations are spread out across the width of the page, allowing left alignment.ams0.03%
alignedatUsed as a nested aligned equation structure with a fixed number of column pairs, often inside another display, with optional top/center/bottom vertical positioning.ams0.01%
mathExplicit inline math environment. Equivalent to using $ ... $ or \( ... \).base<0.01%
displaymathUsed for an unnumbered displayed equation or short display-style formula block.base0%
xalignat*Used for the unnumbered form of xalignat, giving a full-width AMS multiline alignment display with an explicit integer count of aligned column pairs.ams0%
indentalignUsed to wrap displayed math content while setting MathML indentation shift and left/center/right alignment metadata for the first, middle, and last lines.base—
xalignatUsed for full-width AMS multiline alignment displays with an explicit integer count of aligned column pairs and normal equation numbering.ams—
xxalignatUsed for AMS multiline alignment displays with an explicit integer count of aligned column pairs, in the xxalignat variant without equation numbering and without the extra outer padding columns.ams—